The objective is to protect valuable food resources against plant diseases and the effects of climate change, wars and natural disasters.
The seed depository will store seeds of the crop plants that are most important for food security. Svalbard is an ideal location for this purpose. Owing to the permafrost, the seeds will retain their ability to germinate for a long time, even if electricity supplies fail.
The depository will store genetic copies of seeds that are already being stored in gene depositories elsewhere in the world, thus providing an additional safety net for the world’s food supply.
Seeds contain the genetic blueprints that determine plant characteristics. Wide genetic variation makes it possible to grow crops under different climatic conditions and to provide a broad selection of foods all over the world. Biological diversity provides an insurance against climate change, plant diseases and pests.
The Svalbard Arctic seed depository initiative has been well received in the international community. The ownership and distribution of the gains from genetic plant material have long been a sensitive issue. However international agreements have been signed that will ensure proper management of the Arctic seed depository.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Agriculture and Food will co-operate on the establishment of the depository. The facilities in Svalbard are scheduled to be opened in 2006.